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The words you choose make a difference in your writing. It must be acknowledged that most of the Founders, with notable exceptions, were not racial integrationists; yet despite their particular doubts, racial integration is a legitimate inference from their principles, as Douglass forcefully argued. In his 1894 Blessings of Liberty and Education speech, presented a few months before his death, Douglass ventured on the subject a last word that he feared would be more useful than palatable: Since emancipation we hear much said of our modern colored leaders in commendation of race pride, race love, race effort, race superiority, race men and the like. Up from Alienation: Douglasss Abolitionist Years, Speaking to the Garrisonian American Anti-Slavery Society in 1847, a youthful Douglass posed a poignant question and supplied a dispiriting answer. What was Douglass's purpose in writing his Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave? [3] William Jefferson Clinton, Memphis Church of God in Christ Convention Speech, November 13, 1993, at http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/wjclintonmemphis.htm (November 8, 2010). For example, this argument misses the key point that. Slavery was brought to America in the 1600s taking millions of Africans from West Africa. 7282. The three other claims are up for debate and need to be supported by a lot more reasoning and evidence in order to persuade an audience to believe the argument. -object: expresses one's disapproval, -consist of a noun and all of its modifiers, -consist of A made for and all of it helping, or auxiliary, verbs. In our example, you would need to give or cite some concrete evidence like, 'According to research, students with Internet access on their phones are more likely to make the Honor Roll.' Evidence tells your reader how your claim is proved. Douglass has been taught a few reading lessons form his mistress. No people can make desirable progress or have permanent welfare outside of their own independent and earnest efforts. Slavery can be viewed as one of the greatest examples of immoral treatment towards African Americans in the United States alone. Here is where the author has a bit of discretion over how to organize their essay. His emphasis on property rights grounded in productive, opportunistic laboring went hand-in-hand with a respect for blacks equal capacity for cultivating and perfecting the self-elevating virtues. IV, p. 459. If someone conceded a point, did he or she continue to argue against it? Every year adds to his wealth and to his intelligence. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? work!! He talks about how grateful he is that america is young because it has time to create its own path without a past to hold it down. His argument is reinforced though a variety of anecdotes, many of which detailed strikingly bloody, horrific scenes and inhumane cruelty on the part of the slaveholders. That which is inhuman, cannot be divine! When you're preparing an argument, make sure to note where you got your evidence. In what turned out to be Douglasss most prescient argument, slaverys demise would come about in the following sequence of events. Post author: Post published: junho 10, 2022 Post category: comcast central division leadership Post comments: semi pro football tulsa semi pro football tulsa Roy P. Basler (Cambridge, Mass. Latest answer posted August 20, 2009 at 11:51:14 PM. In all this talk of race, the motive may be good, but the method is bad. [57] Douglass, Schools Are a Common Platform of Nationality, May 9, 1872, in Douglass Papers, Vol. 4. Taking a long view, Douglass judged that there was no greater danger to the elevation of black people and the integration of America than this spirit of alienation. [9] Douglass, My Bondage and My Freedom, in Frederick Douglass: Autobiographies (New York: Library of America, 1994), p. 286. Viewed in its larger significance, the Union victory meant a victory not only over an extreme, implicitly anarchic variant of the state-sovereignty doctrine, but also over the no less pernicious doctrines of sectionalism and racial supremacy. Douglasss great cause was integration, and his great theme was hopefulnessrationally grounded hopefulnessin Americas capacity to secure justice for all, irrespective of race, color, sex, or creed. Douglass never mentions the fact that many of the fathers were slave owners. Explanation, insight, example, logic to support the counterclaim evidence, Still, However, But, Nevertheless, Yet, Despite, Although, Even though, this argument, this position, this reasoning, this evidence, this view. The one thing needful, then, was to elect an abolitionist governing majority at the federal level. In a formal paper, you might say something like, 'It is necessary for me to obtain a new cell phone.' Neither do we address you as enemies, (although the recipients of innumerable wrongs); but in the spirit of patriotic good will. His speeches and writings supply a treasure of arguments against the perpetuation of racial injustice and, no less, against the demoralizing critiques of it according to which, absent a utopian transformation of Americas principles, institutions, and culture, white racism and an oppositional identity for blacks must be taken as permanent features of American society. A counterclaim is the argument (or one of the arguments) opposing your thesis statement. A counterclaim is the opposite of the argument, or the opposing argument. Philip S. Foner (New York: International Publishers, 195075), p. 236 (hereinafter Life and Writings). Key Arguments in "The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass", There are a number of key arguments in The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass. Undaunted by these setbacks, however, he maintained to the end a strenuous schedule of speaking and writing, laboring to remind the succeeding generations that there was a right side and a wrong side in the late war and to propagate his undying faith in the mission and promise of America. However a very courageous man, Frederick Douglass challenges those beliefs. eNotes.com will help you with any book or any question. Protagoras was a Greek philosopher who is widely considered the father of argument and debate. in Literary Studies. With due respect to King and to other stalwarts of the 20th-century movement, I submit that in the search for the most thoughtful proponents of the pro-integration, pro-America argument, there is no worthier object of our attention than the life and thought of the greatest of their 19th-century predecessors, the renowned abolitionist and advocate of civil and political equality Frederick Douglass. This provides more room to address the counterclaim and apply a rebuttal of the counterclaim. Slavery, in their view, was simply unconstitutional; the Constitution delegated to the federal government both the right and the duty to abolish slavery immediately, everywhere in the Union.[18]. [23] See especially Douglass, The Doom of the Black Power, July 27, 1855, in Life and Writings, Vol. It made of Americans one glorious and homogeneous people (as Douglass said of the Emancipation Proclamation)[30] and elevated America to its rightful place among nations as exemplar of the humanitarian spirit of the age. II, pp. [32] Douglasss response was disarmingly blunt. The prostrate form, the uncovered head, the cringing attitude, the bated breath, the suppliant, outstretched hand of beggary does not become an American freeman, and does not become us as a class, and we will not consent to be any longer represented in that position. Speed swimmers have made (alot/a lot) of progress since the 1924 Olympics. The hook should be on-topic and supportive of the author's argument. The charge of a pro-slavery Constitution was a slander upon [the] memory of the Framers, he contended; interpreted as it ought to be interpreted, the Constitution is a glorious liberty document. Consider the constitution according to its plain reading, Douglass continued, and I defy the presentation of a single pro-slavery clause in it. Douglass' primary claim in his narrative is that a nation predicated upon individual freedom cannot allow slavery to exist. An effective argumentative essay will bring up counterclaims for two reasons: An effective counterclaim will both disagree with and disprove a claim. Including using the example of Joseph and his brothers, as well as the Israelites being slaves in Egypt (a) In what ways is Douglass's word choice suited to his audience? To the contrary, it was a hard-won achievement, and as such, it contains valuable lessons for all Americans and especially for those who, like the young Douglass himself, find themselves dispirited about their place and prospects in their country. He says of Sophia Auld, "Slavery proved as injurious to her as it did to me" (page 28). His final break with Garrison came in 1851, when he announced that he had come to reject the core Garrisonian doctrine that the U.S. Constitution was a pro-slavery instrument. succeed. prepaid financial services wolverhampton; lecture analytique petit pays chapitre 23. naval special warfare command quarterdeck; where is wildwood soda made; frankenstein chapter 5 literary devices; jacob degrom haircut video; how to clean beswood meat slicer; But he makes it equally clear that slavery was not successful in achieving this aim. They are struggling with the counterclaim (counterargument) and refutation (rebuttal) as these are new Standards for seventh graders. Seeking such a consummation, Douglass hurled himself into political activism throughout the 1850s. His first hand accounts of the cruel nature of slavery and the thought. Your fathers, the fathers of this republic, did, most deliberatelyand with a sublime faith in the great principles of justice and freedom, lay deep the corner-stone of the national superstructure, which has risen and still rises in grandeur around you. [21], Douglass believed that slavery was doomed, first and foremost, because he believed that the law of nature as epitomized in the Declaration was, at some deep level, not only true but known or felt to be true by all concerned in the conflict over slavery. Douglasss postwar arguments were consistent with this position. Check your answer in a print or an online college-level dictionary, Identify and define two other words in which the prefix ob- means "against." [60] He feared that such a development among black Americans likewise would be the effect of continuing failures to do justice by American institutions, as it could result also from the disaffection propagated by black advocates of emigration, despairing of Americas prospects for reform. Douglasss sometimes stern emphasis on the virtues of self-reliance and self-elevation does not mean that he had grown insensitive to the magnitude of the difficulties yet to be overcome; nor does it mean that he had resorted to blaming the victim or placing exclusive responsibility on the freedpeople for their condition. In your thesis paragraph, you make it . Passage of the bill would signify, he contended, at least a recognition of a great national duty towards a people to whom an immeasurable debt is due. His embrace of the arguments of the rival political abolitionist school freed him to involve himself in politics, and his increasing political activism through the 1850s and into the Civil War years eventually brought him face to face with President Abraham Lincolnfirst in the role of harshly critical petitioner and later, after the Emancipation Proclamation and the deepening of their acquaintance, as Lincolns valued adviser and friend. Knowing that your mom could care less about the newest games, appeal to what she thinks is important - your grades. By learning to read and write, Douglass eventually came to the conclusion that he was not living the life he wanted and longed to get away. How does Douglass's opening reference to the Declaration of Independence reinforce his message? It is difficult to challenge the accuracy of the first hand account offered. Without it, black Americans would remain all too often outside the protection of law, dependent for their rights on white officeholders who lacked any electoral incentive to represent them. 2023. Who are the experts?Our certified Educators are real professors, teachers, and scholars who use their academic expertise to tackle your toughest questions. Douglass attempts to show us how African American slaves were still human beings like their white counterparts, there have been numerous instances where it is shown that many whites did not want to accept slaves as true humans. Covey was at the house, about one hundred yards from the treading-yard where we were fanning. Standing in the foreground of the Lincoln Memorial nearly 50 years ago, Martin Luther King, Jr., delivered the most famous speech by any American in the 20th century. eNotes Editorial, 21 Jan. 2020, https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/what-is-frederick-douglass-s-overall-claim-in-the-152137. (b) Up to that point, what evidence has he presented to support his claim? In developing his own proposal, Douglass did not identify the precise grounds of his disagreement with Stevens. In response, however, influential scholars and activists have embraced a radical critique of America that is much more likely to worsen those problems than it is to resolve them. Additionally, it comes from a credible source: an academic paper from the. Would you want to have stolid friends? I will focus my attention on how education allowed Douglass to understand how slavery was wrong, and how the Americans saw the blacks as not equal, and only suitable for slave work. [13] Douglass, My Bondage and My Freedom, in Autobiographies, p. 392. In the "Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass," Douglass has the ability to show the psychological battle between the white slave holders and their black slaves, which is shown by Douglass' own intellectual struggles against his white slave holders. Slavery not only expropriated the fruits of its victims labor, but also assaulted the moral and mental faculties by which, once freed, they might otherwise have put their labor to profitable and elevating uses. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. Mark them![15], In truth, Douglass had long admired the Declaration and the Revolution; but now, having broken with the Garrisonian variant of abolitionism, he had come to admire the whole of the Founding, because he had come to judge the Constitution to be faithful to the saving principles of the Declaration. No words, no tears, no prayers, from his gory victim, seemed to move his iron heart from its bloody purpose. It had given me a view of my wretched condition, without the remedy. When providing evidence to support reasoning, always make sure that the evidence comes from a credible source and that it is directly relevant to the reasoning. Douglass never tired of quoting the lines of Byron to this effect: Who would be free, themselves must strike the blow. To the end, he held strongly to the principle that he stressed in an 1855 editorial: our elevation as a race, is almost wholly dependent upon our own exertions.[55]. These will speak for him. The position of Douglass and constitutional radicals, by contrast, was that the Constitution was in the strict sense abolitionist. The Essay Skills Worksheets include 97 worksheets (printables and 97 Google slides) to help teachersdifferentiate writing instructionwith bothremedial and advancedwriting skills. This meant first the reintegration of a country still badly divided by sectionalism in the immediate aftermath of the war. [59] Douglass, African Civilization Society, February, 1859, in Life and Writings, Vol. Covey as an event that "revived within me a sense of my own manhood". work!!! After providing the thesis in the introduction, the author then spends the entire essay working to prove that claim through sub-claims (the central claim broken down into smaller chunks), reasoning, and evidence. work!!! The broadest and bitterest of the black mans misfortunes is the fact that he is everywhere regarded and treated as an exception to the principles and maxims which apply to other men.[35], In its concrete applications, Douglasss principle of fair play meant first that the white majority must refrain from various courses of action whereby it might be tempted to evade rather than to resolve properly the problem of race relations. I will also contrast how Douglass' view was very similar to that of the women in antebellum America, and the role that Christianity played in his life as a slave and then. Dont pick a straw man. In other words, dont pick a weak opposing argument that is too easy to refute. Let him alone![33], This response epitomizes Douglasss career-long insistence on the cultivation of self-reliant virtue as the primary means of elevation from the degraded condition in which many years of slavery and proscription had left most black Americans. [24] Douglass, The Late Election, December 1860, in Life and Writings, Vol. Finally, he cites his altercation with Mr. The thesis provides the main argument for the essay as well as an outline for the rest of the essay. [46] One of the most corrupting, debilitating effects of slavery, in Douglasss analysis, was its fostering of a cultural disdain for laboring as an activity beneath the dignity of truly free, truly human beings. Frederick Douglass went on to write books and give speeches in hope that one day all slaves would be free. Its my students first attempt at writing the argumentative essay. Likewise, it went hand-in-hand with his wariness of the moral hazards attendant on whites benevolence. Curiosity may have killed the cat, but it will help you be a good interviewer. Under the whole Heavens, he remarked in 1894, there never was a people liberated from bondage under conditions less favorable to the successful beginning of a new and free mode of life, than were the Freedmen of the South. [51] With respect to corrective justice, he firmly endorsed the principle but took a subtle, carefully measured position with respect to its present application. Douglass also describes the way it corroded his soul to not know his birth date, to be told he couldn't learn to read after the wife of his Baltimore owner started to teach him, and to realize that slavery was a condition he would never grow out of. Are there predictions to be made about future developments of this issue? 350351. Introduction--The introduction of a five-paragraph essay is one paragraph. On the other hand it will be found to contain principles and purposes, entirely hostile to the existence of slavery.[16], Building on the ingenious arguments of the 19th-century legal theorist Lysander Spooner, Douglass argued that the passages in the Constitutions text that admit of some ambiguity, such as the clauses commonly held to concern slavery, must be interpreted in light of the larger ends or objects of the Constitution as set forth in the Preamble. Twenty months later, he returned a free man by law, his freedom having been purchased with funds raised by English friends, and resumed his abolitionist labors in the U.S. Douglass found solid reasons for believing what he repeatedly affirmed throughout the decade, as in his Dred Scott speech: I base my sense of the certain overthrow of slavery, in part, upon the nature of the American Government, the Constitution, the tendencies of the age, and the character of the American people. and the excerpt from Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass In Douglasss day, the forces of disintegration were represented by slaveholders, white supremacists, segregationists, colonizationists, and the more extreme partisans of state or regional sovereignty, and also by black emigrationists and other proponents of black nationalism in its own more extreme forms. There are four types of argumentative claims: claims of fact, claims of value, claims of policy, and claims of cause and effect. The existence of capital punishment deters violent crimes, Bringing up counterclaims provides the author with a sense of, Bringing up counterclaims allows the author to provide a, This above quote is an example of strong evidence because it directly relates to the claim and reasoning, providing factual evidence of the actual cost of capital punishment versus life in prison. TheEight Writing Process Essays(printables and 170 Google slides) each feature an on-demand diagnostic essay assessment, writing prompt with connected reading, brainstorming, graphic organizer, response, revision, and editing activities. It was doubtful liberty at most, and almost certain death is we failed. [51] Frederick Douglass was one of the most commonly known slaves to have existed. The only solid, and final solution of the problem before us, Douglass insisted, was also the only just solution: the most perfect civil and political equality such that black Americans shall enjoy all the rights, privileges and immunities enjoyed by any other members of the body politic.[37] In its primary meaning, Douglasss fair-play, non-exceptionalism principle entailed simple equality under law, irrespective of race or color, but in the decades following the war, he was most urgently concerned with equal protection for two rights in particular: voting rights and property rights. How does the concept vocabulary sharpen the reader's understanding of After your mom's counterclaim, she'll probably ask, 'Why is it that you think you need a new cell phone? 235236. Introduction (1 paragraph that contains the claim), Body Paragraphs (3 paragraphs that contain the reasons, evidence, and counterclaims), Conclusion (sums up the entire argument and provides a look to the future), Describe the four main parts of an argument, Explain why it is important to develop each of these parts in an argument. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. Working with the above claim and reasoning (the United States should ban capital punishment because capital punishment costs taxpayers more than life in prison), below is an example of strong evidence and weak evidence to support the claim and reason. Step-by-step explanation: Answer options: a. dependence on a neighbor for water trade access; V, pp. Central to the question of the wars larger moral legacy was the fate of those with whom he peculiarly identified: those lately emancipated. Reasoning is the author's logic used to support and prove their claims. Copyright 2009-2023 Pennington Publishing. -I have learned that African Americans have always been bullied and degraded by others, and they didn't get their freedom in the US until the mid 19th century, A discussion of a controversial or debatable issue, A particular belief, conclusion, or point of view. Let us know your assignment type and we'll make sure to get you exactly the kind of answer you need. Addressing a womens rights convention in 1868, Douglass made the point simply and bluntly: If the elective franchise is not extended to the negro, he dieshe is exterminated.[39], Moreover, as the voting right was an imperative of justice, it was also, Douglass argued, a powerful agency for the cause of integration. According to Douglass, how do laws in the South prove that slaves are human beings? What [Lincoln] said on this day, Douglass wrote in his final autobiography, showed a deeper moral conviction against slavery than I had ever seen before in anything spoken or written by him.[26]. In The Blessings of Slavery, by George Fitzhugh he states that southern slaves for the most part are the freest and happiest people in the world. Douglass made these appeals to greatest effect in the most popular and frequently presented of his postwar speeches, his lecture on Self-Made Men. After briefly considering a few alternative explanations of worldly success, Douglass declares it evident that we may explain success mainly by one word and that word is work! IV, pp. Open Document. That appreciation was, however, specific to the maturity of his thought. Evidence - something that proves the truth of a claim, or leads to a . Protagoras (pictured right) engaging in a public debate. In that position, Douglasss fame grew rapidly, and with it came controversy and heightened personal danger. Frederick Douglass autobiography, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave offers a depiction of slavery like very few before him, from his firsthand accounts. Educators go through a rigorous application process, and every answer they submit is reviewed by our in-house editorial team. Most urgently, he taught them to reject the spirit of alienation, which he saw as the greatest danger to any peoples liberation and elevation. In like manner, the election of Barack Obama as President might be viewed as the culminating, climactic event of the Civil Rights Era, signifying the advent of a post-racial America and vindicating once and for all the mainstream, integrationist tradition in AfricanAmerican political thought lately exemplified by King. While Frederick Douglass made some key arguments, he also made common ground to make his . Woe, woe! Reasons for a claim can also be written as a "because" statement with the claim: the United States should ban capital punishment because capital punishment costs taxpayers more than life in prison. Scarcely less important than suffrage as a guarantor of personal security were property rights. III, p. 274. Already a member? -he's hopeful that they hear what he's saying & things change over time, Write a summary of this excerpt from "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?" It was just what I wanted, and. Douglass describes this memory as the "blood-stained gate" through which he entered slavery, and he is struck throughout at how the institution made tyrants of whites. 364366. IV, p. 420. [2] Cornel West, Race Matters (Boston: Beacon Press, 1993), chapter 1. to confirm your understanding of the speech. The Declarations affirmation, as self-evident truths, of the principles that all men are created equal and that they are endowed by their Creator with the unalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness is now commonly read as a declaration only of the rights of propertied white males. Frederick Douglass pure story telling in the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass directly goes against any argument for slavery from Fitzhugh, by revealing the harshness of the institution of slavery and the individuals behind it. The reasons can also be thought of as the "why" behind a claim. Rebecca Simon is an ELA and social studies Master Teacher. 386387. One of the key arguments in The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass as well as in other narratives about slaves is inequality. The voting right was, for Douglass, the keystone of the arch of human liberty, as it was the primary, indispensable means of guarding every other right. Douglass proposed the chartering of a national land and loan company empowered to purchase available tracts of land and then to resell or lease those lands to members of the newly emancipated class. Every year adds to the black mans numbers. I know of no country where the conditions for affecting great changes in the settled order of things, for the development of right ideas of liberty and humanity, are more favorable than here in these United States. Cliquestrickland and jones funeral home obituaries. -yes! I have no country. He could feel no attachment to America, he explained, for reasons that ran deeper than the countrys unjust practices. In all such policies, Douglass protested, there is clearly seen the purpose to crush our spirits, to cripple our enterprise and doom us to a condition of destitution and degradation.[44]. V, p. 624. [55] My Bondage and My Freedom, in Autobiographies, p. 287; Douglass, Self-Elevation, in Life and Writings, Vol. In paragraph 5, (a) What does Douglass acknowledge as a counterclaim to his Such attention is properly directed toward, but also beyond, the icons of the recent era of reform. [46] See Madison, Property, in Madison: Writings (New York: Library of America, 1999), pp. Slavery was established by religious law. Shubhra Mohanty June 09, 2022 Your mom's counterclaim is that you don't need one. -his language is different, it proves hes educated, (b) How effective would it be for a modern audience? [18] Douglass, The Republican PartyOur Position, in Life and Writings, Vol. One skill builds upon another. stutz blackhawk for sale 2020, lauren ashley newton today,