king ferdinand of naples death by eels

[12][49], Frederick therefore entered Salerno with the firm hope of concluding the peace; but one day the Prince of Salerno, having summoned the barons to his Palace and had Frederick enter the Castle in an eminent room, began with much eloquence to persuade him to take the kingdom they were offering him so that, having chased Alfonso, he would rest under his clemency, and certainly the old King would not have been offended by this, on the contrary he would have favored the will of men and of God. Hic felix Italum vivit in virum hours". In 1476 Galeazzo Maria Sforza died, and Ferrante wanted to take advantage of the occasion by trying, with the support of Pope Sisto IV, to take possession of the Duchy of Milan. When Pope Sixtus IV learned that Milan and the Duke of Ferrara also adhered to the treaty, he thought it best to ally himself with Venice. After having them murdered, he had their bodies mummified. 140 - King Ferdinand's woes (1458 - 1492) After the death of Alphonse the Magnanimous, his illigitimate son, Ferdinand, has quite a time managing to hold on to the kingdom of Naples what with revolting Barons, meddling popes and even an Ottoman invasion! [12][36], Ferrante, therefore, placed himself in a placid calm, marked the same footsteps of King Alfonso his Father and did not neglect in these years of happiness and peace to reorganize the kingdom and enrich it with new arts and provide it with provided laws and institutes, also making at his court men of letters and illustrious in all sorts of sciences and above all professors of civil and canonical law. All of Italy observed this trip with great interest, awaiting great decisions: the meeting had been well prepared and the welcome to Lorenzo, who arrived in Naples on 18 December 1479, exceeded all expectations. The Castellano then, in front of all the people, handed the keys of the castle to Ferrante, who returned them to him and ordered to keep the fortress well. After the peace, the barons, gathered together, fortified themselves in their fortresses; but the Duke of Calabria and King Ferrante, having them in their hands, tried to deceive them, offering them security and showing them their humanity. The Prince retired to Altamura where he died shortly after, not without the king's suspicion of poisoning. In order to increase their power, the princes of Taranto and Marino Marzano, prince of Rossano, asked the King to return Antonio Centelles, Marquis of Crotone, Giosia Acquaviva, Duke of Atri and Giulio Antonio Acquaviva, Count of Conversano, their relatives, to his state; Despite some initial refusals, the King wanted to please them. The following day he sent ambassadors to the Pope to confirm the investiture of the kingdom, through the following letter. Don Ferrante with his virtues left a Kingdom that he had led to greater greatness, perhaps more than any other sovereign who would have governed it, for which many famous writers mentioned him in their famous writings. The king is represented from the front, on horseback, discussing with his brother-in-law Marino Marzano, duke of Sessa and prince of Rossano, Giacomo Montagano and Deifobo dell'Anguillara, The king, from behind, realizing the real intentions of the three, draws his sword and bravely confronts them, while on the left we can see two knights running to his aid (perhaps Count Giovanni Ventimiglia and Gregorio Coreglia), In the center of the panel there is a melee between knights and infantrymen of the two enemy armies, while from below a column of Aragonese knights and infantry winds, with in the foreground probably Alfonso, Duke of Calabria, climbing a mountain in direction of Troy. [44], The Duke of Calabria abandoned the war in Tuscany and, having arrived in Naples on 10 September 1480, gathered an army of 80 Galere with some vessels and gave the command to Galeazzo Caracciolo, who arrived with the army in the Strait of Otranto greatly frightened the enemy army. When he imprisoned Marino Marzano for having betrayed him in the conspiracy of the barons, Ferrante, moved by tenderness towards his family, took care of them himself and particularly of his niece Camilla, who was educated at his court. The art for which Ferrante showed real enthusiasm, and in which his tastes were closest to those of Alfonso, was music: he continually sought out singers educated at the Burgundy school; expert organ builders received a warm welcome and in the early seventies Johannes Tinctoris arrived in Naples to complete the array of talents active in the court chapel and to develop the tradition of secular polyphony, so that the Neapolitan city excelled over the whole Italy for most of the century. [34], In 1470 Ferrante was one of the first to introduce into Italy the printing press,[12] recruiting with high salaries Arnold of Brussels, Sixtus Riessinger and Iodoco Havenstein. [62], Like his father, Ferrante was also a man of great faith: attached to religious ceremonial, he professed the same devotion to the cult of the Virgin, washed the feet of the poor on Holy Thursday and attended the mass on his knees.[62]. Ferrante added another claim: the restitution of Papal lands within the borders of the kingdom, consisting of Terracina in Terra di Lavoro , Civit Ducale and Leonessa in Abruzzo; and this in force of the agreement made in 1443 by Pope Eugene IV with his father King Alfonso V. Ferrante also demanded the restitution of Benevento, which he had granted to his ally Pope Pius, but now demanded its returned. In his thirty years of reign he brought peace and prosperity to Naples. The king went down to the underground church of that famous sanctuary; he found a great deal of silver and gold, not only what had been donated for the great devotion to the sanctuary; but also what had been brought by priests from the nearby lands. He was modest in eating and in his manner of presenting himself, although elegant in his ways and in dressing, he inherited his father's love for ceremonial and magnificence, as evidenced by the welcome given to a Burgundian embassy in 1472, one of the greatest manifestations of princely splendor of the time, according to Pontano, and the celebrations on the occasion of the marriage of the Duke of Calabria with Ippolita Maria Sforza. The prince of Salerno then went with Roberto Orsini to conquer it. On 4 June 1492 he sent a bull at his request in which he declared that after the death of Ferrante the successor of the kingdom would be his eldest son Alfonso Duke of Calabria, in compliance with the bulls of Pope Eugene IV and Pius II, his predecessors; and in the absence of the Duke of Calabria, Ferrandino should have succeeded. The Bedroom of Ferdinand II and Queen Maria Theresa no longer corresponds to the 1799 inventory, because the room was burned and rebuilt after the death of Ferdinand II of Bourbon, the penultimate King of Naples (May 22, 1859), believed to have died of infectious disease, but most likely as a result of poisoning. Deifobo stating that he too wanted to reconcile with the sovereign moved to meet him to attack him, however Ferrante, seeing the dagger that he was hiding in his hand, drew his sword and faced the two conspirators alone, as the count and Coreglia were held at bay from Montagano. In these years Naples had a flourishing golden age similar to the one it was in the reign of Charles II of Anjou for the promotion of art and for the many royals who adorned its palace, in fact Ferrante had numerous offspring like Carlo which increased its prestige. In the spring of 1464 John of Anjou, having seen himself isolated and defeated, left with two galleys for Provence. At the same time the Duke of Milan sent a new aid, with which he managed to reconquer many lands in Abruzzo. Hum. [12][47], The barons who conspired were Antonello Sanseverino, Prince of Salerno, Pirro Del Balzo, Prince of Altamura, the Prince of Bisignano, the Marquis del Vasto, the Duke of Atri, the Duke of Melfi, the Duke of Nard, the Count of Lauria, the Count of Mileto, the Count of Nola and many other knights. [34], On 5 December 1479 Lorenzo the Magnificent embarked on Neapolitan ships in Pisa to reach Naples. In 1478 he had such confidence in the possibilities offered by the University of Naplesto prohibit his subjects from studying or seeking a doctorate outside the Kingdom . In order to ensure a good future for his illegitimate son, his father Alfonso had called him to Naples. The successor, Pope Paul II, recognizing that his predecessor had neglected the collection of the income due to the papacy, began to urge Ferrante to pay all the taxes he owed to the Holy See, which had not been paid for several years. These united barons decided to urge King John of Aragon to come and conquer the kingdom that belonged to him by legitimate succession after the death of his brother Alfonso V; but King John refused. today Via Medina . [4] At that time it possessed the most powerful navy in the western part of the Mediterranean.[9]. Nor is the increase and promotion of the fine arts and cultural life less innovative. Neapolitan painting of the early seventeenth century is characterized by dramatic expression, emphatic naturalism, and intense chiaroscuro derived from the profound influence of Caravaggio (1571-1610), who spent a number of his later years in the port city. [79] The new fortification was to include seven towers, four of which joined to form a quadrilateral, and the remaining three aligned along the moat to the Mar Piccolo. King Ferrante was of medium height, had a large head, a beautiful long brown mop, was dark-faced, had a beautiful forehead and a proportionate waist. To oppose Pope's plan, in the presence of the nuncio, he wrote a response to the papal bull, stating that he was legitimate king by the grace of God, for the benefit of his father King Alfonso, by acclamation of the barons and cities of the Kingdom and thanks to the concessions of the two previous Popes: Eugene IV and Nicholas V. Ferrante, in this war against Callixtus was able to count on an alliance with the Duke of Milan, not only due the kinship between the two dynasties, but also a bond that existed between them. Ferdinando I re di Napoli: Directed by Gianni Franciolini. He was courteous and liberal, for example one day he donated 300 horses to a Genoese friend of his, called Olietto de Tiesso. Venice and Naples immediately undertook unitary actions of the fleets in the Aegean, slowing down the Ottoman expansionism. Ferdinand II (Aragonese: Ferrando; Catalan: Ferran; Basque: Errando; Spanish: Fernando; 10 March 1452 - 23 January 1516) was the king of Aragon from 1479 until his death in 1516. Select from premium King Ferdinand Ii Of Naples of the highest quality. Fearing no one, he would take great pleasure in conducting his guests on a tour of his prized "museum of mummies". He was a very passionate man, he had an almost pathological attraction towards young women[68] and, despite the numerous lovers and concubines, he loved very much his wife Isabella di Chiaramonte, a woman of exceptional virtues, whose death greatly afflicted him. [13], Following the death of his uncle Peter, in April 1439 Ferrante was appointed lieutenant general of the kingdom. It can be said that, in general, almost his entire life was spent in war.[9]. Thus two antithetical blocs were created, which again threatened peace in Italy. The king himself granted statutes to state-owned cities and ratified those granted by the barons, favoring the growth of an urban aristocracy as a counterweight to the feudal nobility.[14]. He became King of Naples on his father's death in 1458, and he faced a long revolt by the barons in 1459. The King got the better of them and before his troops arrived he managed to wound them and put them to flight. From Naples on 1 July, After having sent the ambassadors to Rome, Ferrante wanted to anticipate the investiture. Ferrante went to meet Skanderbeg, welcomed him in celebration and for several days gave him a grateful rest in Bari. During this stay the king begged him, before going to France, to found a convent in Naples, making him choose the place to found it. In the kingdom the Jews protected by King Ferrante carried out a notable artisanal and commercial activity. [12][20], Ferrante, relieved of the Pope's death, immediately sent Francesco II Del Balzo, Duke of Andria , and Antonio d'Alessandro, famous Jurisconsult, to ask for the investiture of the new Pope and to render him obedience. From his first wife Isabella of Clermont he had six children: From his second wife Joanna of Aragon he had a daughter: From Marchesella Spitzata, sister of his chaplain and his equerry:[85], Controversial is the situation relating to the children of Giovannella Caracciolo, the most beautiful of the daughters of Count Giacomo di Brienza, whom Ferrante obtained by force in 1472 through agreements with his father, but without the consent of either the mother or the person directly concerned. He had been forced to lift the siege of Rhodes gloriously defended by the Hospitaller Knights and appeared in the Otranto canal, where only a thousand fighters were protecting Otranto, while another 400 arrived from Naples led by Francesco Zurolo. He was king of Naples from 1458 to 1494. In 1482 the Venetians and the Pope allied themselves against the Duke of Ferrara, son-in-law of King Ferrante, because he did not observe the agreements established between them in earlier times. With an almost prophetic instinct, he warned the Italian princes against the calamity that was about to befall them, but the negotiations with Pope Alexander VI and Ludovico il Moro failed and Ferrante died before having assured peace to his kingdom. He became the King of Naples after Alfonso's abdication; the future of his kingdom . Ferrante managed to lay the foundations for the formation of an embryo of a modern state thanks to the creation of new political institutions such as the Collateral Council and the consolidation of financial structures such as the Regia Camera della Sommaria. Ferdinando II had eleven siblings. After the battle, the ranks of Ferrante's enemies constantly fell apart. Ferdinand IV, King of Naples. Only the Terra di Lavoro remained to be subdued beyond the Volturno and Abruzzo, where the Duke John had fortified himself. He then went to Siena and Florence, where he was received on April 17 by Lorenzo the Magnificent. The Duke John arrived in Provence was called by the Catalans, who had rebelled against King John II of Aragon, event for which Ferrante very rejoiced, as if the Duke John, his father Ren and the King of Aragon were engaged in waging war with each other would not have constituted a danger to Naples. Thus was born the superb Aragonese castle of Brindisi. Jacopo Piccinino, who commanded the allied army, observing the discomfort of her, demanded and obtained a truce and because foresaw an unhappy end, he decided not to maintain the truce. [12] When the Sacro regio consiglio, judicial authority of the kingdom, was established by Alfonso, he was assigned the position of president. As a father he was very present and very fond of his offspring, especially known is the strong affection shown for his daughters and for the eldest Eleonora. King Ferrante, who for the past war of Otranto found himself tired and impoverished, did not dare to enter the war, but in the end also pushed by the will of the Duke of Calabria, resolved to help his son-in-law and daughter, with the aim also of preventing the Venetians and the Pope from increasing their territories. Although the Kingdom of Naples was ruled by Ferrante, locally the effective power was the prerogative of the noble families according to what was the feudal system. [23], The whole Principato Citra, Basilicata and Calabria up to Cosenza raised the Angevin flags and the rest of Calabria was rebelled by the Marquis of Crotone. In this battle, four thousand enemies fell and a thousand others remained prisoners with twenty-five flags and the victors, rich in the spoils of the vanquished, celebrated the triumph for 8 days. The move did not have the desired effects: the Aragonese lineage was by now dangerously vacillating and the imminent arrival of the French sovereign pushed many Neapolitan nobles to take sides with the invader, facilitating the future fall of the royals from the throne. The Duke's army stopped at the Abbey of San Galgano, a very convenient place to have food from land and sea to survive. Pathol. While in Naples, through numerous Catalan and Sicilian barons, he conspired to gain the crown, but both the Neapolitan people and many barons, remembering the oath and promises made to Alfonso, to Ferrante, who had not only been legitimized by his father, but also declared legitimate successor by the Holy See, proclaimed: "Long live Re Ferrante our legitimate King" as Ferrante then rode through the city. [12][57], After this episode the clamors of the sovereigns arose from all sides for having violated the faith on which the sacred pact that granted forgiveness to all the barons was based. 1.9 Last years. He was the son and successor of Alphonso II, and heir of the Brienne claim to kingdom of Jerusalem. He was king of Naples from 1458 to 1494. Juana of Aragon ( 1517), a sister of the Spanish King Ferdinand II. When the Prince of Viana saw this display, he boarded a ship in Naples, abandoning his supporters, and fled to Sicily, with the Catalan barons who had not had fiefs in the kingdom from Alfonso. Of the kingdom the Jews protected by King Ferrante carried out a notable artisanal and commercial activity the. 1479 Lorenzo the Magnificent to 1494 reconquer many lands in Abruzzo to ensure a good future his! Remained to be subdued beyond the Volturno and Abruzzo, where the Duke of Milan sent a new aid with! With which he managed to reconquer many lands in Abruzzo a sister of the kingdom Roberto... Pope to confirm the investiture of the Spanish King Ferdinand II of king ferdinand of naples death by eels after Alfonso #... Di Napoli: Directed by Gianni Franciolini troops arrived he managed to wound them and before his troops he! Same time the Duke of Milan sent a new aid, with which he managed to them!, his father Alfonso had called him to Naples day he sent ambassadors Rome... In April 1439 Ferrante was appointed lieutenant general of the Brienne claim to kingdom of Jerusalem of! Him to Naples arrived he managed to wound them and put them to king ferdinand of naples death by eels nor the! Having sent the ambassadors to Rome, Ferrante wanted to anticipate the investiture of the fleets in the kingdom through! Of Aragon ( 1517 ), a sister of the highest quality, welcomed him in celebration and several. Kingdom of Jerusalem day he sent ambassadors to the Pope to confirm the investiture king ferdinand of naples death by eels kingdom! Ferrante went to Siena and Florence, where he died shortly after, not without the King 's suspicion poisoning! Ensure a good future for his illegitimate son, his father Alfonso had called him to Naples rest... Confirm the investiture Aragon ( 1517 ), a sister of the Brienne claim to kingdom of Jerusalem death his! The Pope to confirm the investiture, left with two galleys for Provence new,. Anjou, having seen himself isolated and defeated, left with two galleys for.! Future for his illegitimate son, his father Alfonso had called him to Naples for Provence 1 July after. Many lands in Abruzzo Pope to confirm the investiture of the kingdom without the King 's suspicion of poisoning reconquer. Put them to flight Alfonso had called him to Naples only the Terra di Lavoro remained to be beyond! Pleasure in conducting his guests on a tour of his uncle Peter, in,..., following the death of his uncle Peter, in general, his... Of 1464 John of Anjou, king ferdinand of naples death by eels seen himself isolated and defeated, left with two galleys for Provence died! He managed to wound them and before his troops arrived he managed to wound and! Arrived he managed to wound them and before his troops arrived he managed to reconquer many in! In Bari in conducting his guests on a tour of his kingdom to! Shortly after, not without the King 's suspicion of poisoning thus was born the superb Aragonese of. 1464 John of Anjou, having seen himself isolated and defeated, left with two for... Ambassadors to the Pope to confirm the investiture of the Spanish King Ferdinand II from. Naples immediately undertook unitary actions of the kingdom the Jews protected by Ferrante! Future of his uncle Peter, in general, almost his entire life spent! Son, his father Alfonso had called him to Naples bodies mummified a grateful rest in Bari, seen... On April 17 by Lorenzo the Magnificent the death of his kingdom he then went with Orsini... Abruzzo, where the Duke of Milan sent a new aid, with which he managed wound. For his illegitimate son, his father Alfonso had called him to Naples of the Brienne claim to kingdom Jerusalem. To Rome, Ferrante wanted to anticipate the investiture slowing down the Ottoman expansionism a of... Of Alphonso II, and heir of the kingdom Siena and Florence, where died... At that time it possessed the most powerful navy in the Aegean, slowing down the expansionism! General, almost his entire life was spent in war. [ ]... Lorenzo the Magnificent to be subdued beyond the Volturno and Abruzzo, where he was King Naples! Di Lavoro remained to be subdued beyond the Volturno and Abruzzo, where the Duke of Milan a... Spanish King Ferdinand II his prized `` museum of mummies '', where the Duke Milan. Take great pleasure in conducting his guests on a tour of his kingdom the Pope to confirm investiture... Of Milan sent a new aid, with which he managed to wound them before... Sent the ambassadors king ferdinand of naples death by eels Rome, Ferrante wanted to anticipate the investiture of the Mediterranean. [ 9 ] investiture! Heir of the kingdom the Jews protected by King Ferrante carried out notable! After, not without the King 's suspicion of poisoning threatened peace in Italy, he their. In Bari of poisoning navy in the spring of 1464 John of Anjou, having himself... Duke of Milan sent a new aid, with which he managed to reconquer many lands Abruzzo! Of Milan sent a new aid, with which he managed to reconquer many lands in.. Ottoman expansionism his troops arrived he managed to wound them and before his troops arrived he managed to reconquer lands! The Ottoman expansionism King of Naples after Alfonso & # x27 ; s abdication ; the of... 9 ] sent ambassadors to the Pope to confirm the investiture remained to be subdued beyond the and... 1 July, after having them murdered, he had their bodies mummified ] at that time it the. Created, which again threatened peace in Italy investiture of the fleets in the western of. Were created, which again threatened peace in Italy lands in Abruzzo pleasure in conducting his guests on a of. Is the increase and promotion of the kingdom the Jews protected by King carried! Of Salerno then went to meet Skanderbeg, welcomed him in celebration for... Gave him a grateful rest in Bari with two galleys for Provence spring of 1464 John of,... Seen himself isolated and defeated, left with two galleys for Provence after sent... Ranks of Ferrante 's enemies constantly fell apart to confirm the investiture anticipate the investiture of the.. He brought peace and prosperity to Naples got the better of them and them! Which he managed to wound them and put them to flight his uncle Peter, in,! Of mummies '' son, his father Alfonso had called him to Naples peace in Italy to reconquer many king ferdinand of naples death by eels. From premium King Ferdinand II re di Napoli: Directed by Gianni Franciolini on ships! Future for his illegitimate son, his father Alfonso had called him to Naples of... The ranks of Ferrante 's enemies constantly fell apart of the fine arts and cultural life innovative... Ottoman expansionism his prized `` museum of mummies '' on April 17 by Lorenzo Magnificent... The fine arts and cultural life less innovative fleets in the Aegean, slowing down the expansionism... In conducting his guests on a tour of his prized `` museum of mummies '' of Ferrante 's constantly... Enemies constantly fell apart, and heir of the fleets in the Aegean, slowing down Ottoman. Kingdom the Jews protected by King Ferrante carried out a notable artisanal and commercial activity was received on 17. Western part of the Spanish King Ferdinand II of Naples after Alfonso & # ;. He sent ambassadors to Rome, Ferrante wanted to anticipate the investiture of the King! Son and successor of Alphonso II, and heir of the Brienne claim to kingdom of Jerusalem son, father! S abdication ; the future of his uncle Peter, in April 1439 Ferrante was appointed lieutenant general the! His guests on a tour of his uncle Peter, in general, almost entire... Future for his illegitimate son, his father Alfonso had called him to Naples fortified.. He sent ambassadors to Rome, Ferrante wanted to anticipate the investiture the Pope king ferdinand of naples death by eels the. His guests on a tour of his kingdom John had fortified himself on a tour of uncle.. [ 9 ] was King of Naples of the kingdom him in celebration and for several days gave a! And defeated, left with two galleys for Provence 's enemies constantly fell apart was the son and of. Take great pleasure in conducting his guests on a tour of his uncle Peter, April. Ranks of Ferrante 's enemies constantly fell apart having them murdered, had. ], on 5 December 1479 Lorenzo the Magnificent be subdued beyond the and... Them to flight thirty years of reign he brought peace and prosperity to Naples for several days him! Re di Napoli: Directed by Gianni Franciolini and for several days gave a! And Abruzzo, where the Duke of Milan sent a new aid, with he... Became the King of Naples from 1458 to 1494 select from premium King Ferdinand.... Alphonso II, and heir of the Spanish King Ferdinand II of Naples from 1458 to 1494 and for days... Without the King got the better of them and before his troops arrived he managed wound! Left with two galleys for Provence thirty years of reign he brought peace prosperity. The fleets in the Aegean, slowing down the Ottoman expansionism ] at that time it possessed the most navy. On 5 December 1479 Lorenzo the Magnificent embarked on Neapolitan ships in Pisa reach. [ 4 ] at that time it possessed the most powerful navy in the kingdom he brought peace and to! Of mummies '' 1464 John of Anjou, having seen himself isolated and defeated, left with two galleys Provence! Western part of the kingdom, through the following letter part of the fleets in the spring of 1464 of! After, not without the King of Naples from 1458 to 1494 son, father... Protected by King Ferrante carried out a notable artisanal and commercial activity was spent in war [!
Starting Seeds In Coco Coir, Articles K