These ranges depend on the makeup of the local population, the technologies used and the accuracy of the measurement. This test measures the amount of an enzyme called alkaline phosphatase in your blood. Other types of this enzyme, found outside the gut, support brain function and bone health. If you experience this complication, apply a warm compress until the swelling goes down. Based on the results of these blood tests, a healthcare provider can expand the investigation and order the appropriate tests and procedures (including imaging studies and biopsies) to definitively diagnose the cause. Fatty metamorphosis of liver (moderate increase occurs in acute fatty liver). It can confirm whether a bone condition is causing the ALP elevation as opposed to the liver.. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is an enzyme in blood that helps break down proteins. ALP is an enzyme present in various parts of the body. It is recommended that only one assay method be used consistently to monitor each patient's course of therapy. An abnormally high bone isoenzyme level may also be indicative of bone cancer, osteomalacia, or celiac sprue. If serial monitoring is required, please use the serial monitoring number 480004 to order. This may be true for people with type O or B blood, who tend to have high ALP levels for up to 12 hours after a fatty meal. Increases may also be seen as a consequence of a reaction to drug therapy, and ALT/ALP-based criteria to discriminate the type of liver injury in drug-induced hepatic toxicity have been recommended. It can help your healthcare provider diagnose certain liver conditions. In mice with cystic fibrosis, intestinal alkaline phosphatase administration helped improve intestinal permeability. It measures the amount of ALP in the blood, and abnormal levels can indicate an underlying health condition. ALP plays a role in numerous processes in the human body, and any abnormalities in blood concentrationseither high or lowmay be indicative of diseases ranging from gallstones and thyroid disease to hepatitis and cancer. To confirm biliary abnormality, an additional useful test is GT. For the best experience, tryChrome or Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. Marked decline of high ALP of pregnancy is seen with placental insufficiency and imminent fetal demise. 8 Benefits of Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase There are many types of alkaline phosphatase, but the type found in the gut has been most studied to date. Abnormal levels of ALP in your blood most often indicate a health concern with your liver, gallbladder, or bones. Increases in serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity commonly originate from either one or both of 2 sources: liver and bone. (In most patients with cholecystitis and cholangitis who do not have a common duct stone, alkaline phosphatase is within normal limits or only slightly increased.) A doctor may also order an ALP test if a person has symptoms of a bone disorder, such as: The ALP test can be part of screening. There are certain drugs that can interfere with the results. Bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP) is the bone-specific isoform of alkaline phosphatase. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. Compliance Category FDA Note Hotline History N/A CPT Codes 84080 Are you an ARUP Client? Bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP) is the bone-specific isoform of alkaline phosphatase. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level gives more information when it is studied along with the GGT (Gamma-glutamyltransferase) blood test: A low level of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the blood may be due to: The following values are considered to be normal values: IMPORTANT: These levels are expressed in U/L. We'll help you find the best provider for your child. For men and women older than age 18, an ALP level between 44 and 147 U/L is considered normal. The results may go first to your ordering physician or healthcare professional. A 2013 research review showed that the normal range for a. BAP has been shown to be a sensitive and reliable indicator of bone metabolism. Alkaline phosphatase is used as a tumor marker. MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. testing to when the result is released to the ordering provider. The normal range for children is higher than that for adults, especially for infants and teens because their bones are growing rapidly. Red-top tube, gel-barrier tube, or green-top (lithium heparin) tube. The liver is the largest solid organ in the human body and performs around 500 essential tasks. Atypical blood ALP levels can indicate health concerns, such as issues with your liver, gallbladder, or bones. Hepatitis: Moderate increases in alkaline phosphatase occur in viral hepatitis, but greater elevations of the transaminases (AST [SGOT], ALT [SGPT]) are usually found. 1338-1349, In the presence of magnesium and zinc ions, p-nitrophenyl phosphate is cleaved by phosphatases into phosphate and p-nitrophenol. A normal level in the first trimester of pregnancy is between 17 to 88 U/L, the second trimester is between 25 to 126 U/L, and the third trimester is between 38 to 229 U/L. The p-nitrophenol released is directly proportional to the catalytic alkaline phosphatase activity. An ALP test requires a healthcare professional to draw a small sample of blood from your arm. Both triglyceride and total cholesterol levels increased in parallel with alkaline phosphatase, so cholesterol levels are correlated with enzyme activity [6]. . You should not to eat or drink anything for 6 hours before the test, unless your health care provider tells you otherwise. [Clin. They are secretors of ABH RBC antigens and also carry the Lewis red cell antigen. Only three laboratory markers were consistently abnormal, in evaluating for metastatic carcinoma of breast, prior to clinical detectability of metastases: these were alkaline phosphatase, GT and CEA.4. Learn about the types, causes, and treatment of bone cancer. In addition, intestinal alkaline phosphatase also may prevent bacteria like Salmonella typhimurium and Clostridium difficile from traveling to the lymph nodes in the gut [11]. What is the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) blood test used for? Why take an alkaline phosphatase level test? High levels of ALP are normally seen in children undergoing growth spurts and in pregnant women. The best way to know what is normal or not is to discuss the results with your doctor, who will be able to interpret the labs specific result and reference ranges. Elevated liver enzymes may indicate inflammation or damage to cells in the liver. Intervals are . If bilirubin, ALT, and AST values are normal, it would indicate that the liver is not involved and allow the healthcare provider to look elsewhere for a cause. As part of a routine liver function test Normal Results The normal range is 44 to 147 international units per liter (IU/L) or 0.73 to 2.45 microkatal per liter (kat/L). For children, this range is under 350 U/L. Learn where its typically located, why it occurs, and what to do about it. ALP is an enzyme present in many parts of the body. Learn about the possible causes of elevated liver enzymes, Cirrhosis is a liver condition that causes irreversible scarring on the liver. Washington, DC: AACC Press; 1989:204. ALP is most abundant in the liver and bones, and high ALP levels may stem from a health problem in these areas. Note that each number in parentheses [1, 2, 3, etc.] Our website is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. A doctor may order an ALP test if a person has symptoms of bone or liver problems or as part of regular screening. Separate serum or plasma from cells within 45 minutes of collection. An alkaline phosphatase level test (ALP test) measures the amount of alkaline phosphatase enzyme in your bloodstream. When we compared the aforementioned 2 RIs, the latter range was wider than the former, which may be happening due . Clin Biochem. Skip to Main Content; National Library of Medicine. It is present in the liver, bile ducts, bones, intestine and placenta. Looks like youre visiting Benioff Children's Hospitals on Internet Explorer. The normal range of ALP varies from person to person and depends on your age, blood type, gender, and whether youre pregnant. 2016;29:40-5. doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2015.12.019. Signs your liver is healing may include improved energy, mental clarity, digestion, skin health, and more, Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. In 1994 Crosby underwent a liver transplant, and experts say the long-term success of his, A new study has found that eating at fast-food restaurants, which often serve fried foods high in calories, may be linked to nonalcoholic fatty liver. Intestinal alkaline phosphatase removes phosphate groups from toxic microbial molecules, such as leftover DNAs and parts of bad bacteria. World-class docs Biliary obstruction (tenfold increase may be seen with carcinoma of the head of pancreas, choledocholithiasis); cholestasis; GT also high. We need to show ads to keep on providing high quality medical information. Last medically reviewed on November 5, 2021. Higher-than-normal levels of ALP in your blood may indicate a health concern with your liver or gallbladder. 1.Introduction. In that case you must use the respective reference tables. 3,4. Discharge. These ranges were extrapolated from published ranges in the following references. Children and pregnant women can have significantly higher levels of the enzyme in their blood [ 1 ]. ALP increase (greater than 2-fold the URV) can predict transplant-free survival rates of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Results: We created percentile charts for alkaline phosphatase activity in girls and boys from birth to 18 years which can be used as reference intervals. In a clinical trial on human subjects with a severe bacterial infection (sepsis) that lead to acute kidney injury, the administration of alkaline phosphatase through the blood helped improve overall kidney function[16]. What to Expect During Liver Function Tests, Transaminitis (Liver Enzyme) Result: Meaning and Causes, High Ammonia Levels: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, Symptoms of High Prolactin Hormone Levels, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Approach to a patient with elevated serum alkaline phosphatase, Recommendations on measurement units - why and how, Liver function tests in normal pregnant women, Clinical, biochemical and genetic spectrum of low alkaline phosphatase levels in adults, Quantification and comparison of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase with two methods in normal and Paget's specimens, Transporting nutrients and enzymes to and from the liver, Aiding in the development, growth, and maintenance of bone, Transporting fatty acids to store energy in, Regulating cell growth in fetuses during pregnancy, Hypophosphatasia (a congenital disorder affecting bone growth). All of our content is written by scientists and people with a strong science background. Frustrated by the lack of good information and tools, Joe decided to embark on a learning journey to decode his DNA and track his biomarkers in search of better health. Lammers WJ, van Buuren HR, Hirschfield GM, et al: Levels of alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin are surrogate end points of outcomes of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis: An international follow-up study. Injection of intestinal alkaline phosphatase reduces inflammatory molecules (TNF-alpha, IL-5, and IL-1beta) in newborns that suffer from gut cell death (necrotizing enterocolitis). It is also elevated in diseases of the skeletal system, such as Paget disease, hyperparathyroidism, rickets, and osteomalacia, as well as with fractures and malignant tumors. Align your health hacks with your genes for optimal health & cognitive function. (Package insert: Alkaline Phosphatase reagent. 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