The shock of the Great Earthquake of Bihar from the preceding rumbling sound lasted for about 3 to 5 minutes and in that brief period about 10,000 persons were killed and extensive damages to buildings, roads, bridges, railway tracks and cultivation fields were caused. Chen, W. P., & Molnar, P. (1977). Bihar is located in the high seismic zone that falls on the boundary of the tectonic plate joining the Himalayan tectonic plate near the Bihar-Nepal Border and has six sub-surface fault lines moving towards the Gangetic planes in four directions. Science, 294, 23282331. Singh D D and Gupta H K 1980 Source dynamics of two great earthquakes of the Indian subcontinent; the Bihar- Nepal earthquake of January 15, 1934 and the Quetta earthquake of May 30, 1935; Bull. (2013). Kumar, S., Wesnousky, S. G., Rockwell, T. K., Ragona, D., Thakur, V. C., & Seitz, G. G. (2001). Everest. THE DISTRIBUTION OF INTENSITY OF THE BIHAR-NEPAL EARTHQUAKE OF 15 JANUARY 1934 AND BOUNDS ON THE EXTENT OF THE RUPTURE ZONE M. R. Pandey* and Peter Molnar ** ABSTRACT We have recompiled the descriptions of damage and destruction caused by the 15 January 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake, given by both Dunn et al. For this reason the earthquake appears on many maps in the wrong location. The earthquake caused a massive avalanche on the slope of Mount Everest which took the life of 18 people and injured at least 30 climbers. Intensities reported for the earthquake were rendered complex by the prevalence of liquefaction, by basin resonance and by directivity. Faulting associated with large earthquakes and the average rate of deformation in Central and Eastern Asia. (2019). Before pursuing his research and masters in modern Indian History from JNU, he was an electrical engineering student at AMU. ISSN 0028-0836 (print). Avalanches onMount Everest This earthquake caused manyavalanches on Mount Everest. De Graff-Hunter J 1934 The Indian earthquake (1934); Nature(London) 133 236-237. Roads were tom and alignments were changed. Almeida, V., Hubbard, J., Liberty, L., Foster, A., & Sapkota, S. N. (2018). Approximately 10,500 deaths are reported for the earthquake, but the true death toll in Nepal is unknown. Rizza, M., Bollinger, L., Sapkota, S. N., Tapponnier, P., Klinger, Y., Karaka, ., et al. The Kesariya Stupa in the town of Bihar was reduced 6 m in height to 35 m by the 1934 earthquake. Sapkota, S., Bollinger, L., Klinger, Y., et al. Petroleum exploration in Nepal. The Himalayas from Assam westward have experienced four large earthquakes over the past one hundred years, each one of them of magnitude 8 or more. The epicenter of the earthquake was in Nepal six miles south of Mt. Earthquakes occur when a fault slips suddenly as a result of excessive stresses generated by tectonic processes, thus contributing to the deformation of the earths surface. Liquefaction studies using trench excavations at locations known to have suffered liquefaction in 1934 (Sukhija et al., 2002) . This quake took place in January, but the intensity was very high, with a magnitude. The impact was reported to be felt in Lhasa to Bombay, and from Assam to Punjab. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111, B03304. Geophys. 1442-1444. http://goo.gl/TLJKhQ http://bit.ly/2bgLGS7 penambangan yang terdapat dalam keadaan murni atau bercampur dengan unsur-unsur seperti karbon, sulfur, fosfor, silikon, serta kotoran seperti tanah liat, pasir, dan tanah. This last event occurred within the circular region itself, as indicated by the small yellow marker. On January, 15th, 1934, at about 2.13 p.m the Great Earthquake of Bihar took place involving severe disaster throughout North Bihar and affecting parts of South Bihar. Whereas areas like Dhankuta, Sindhupalchowk, Rasuwagadhi, Chainpur, Taplejung also suffered damage. Devastatingdisasters.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. Sapkota, S.; Tapponnier, P.; Bollinger, L.; Klinger, Y.; Gaudemer, Y.; Tiwari, D. R.; Siwakoti, I.; Rizza, M.Surface Rupture of the Mw 8.1, 1934, Bihar Nepal Earthquake AGU abstract 2011. [7] The 1618-meter-long Kosi Rail Bridge on the Metre Gauge Railway line connecting Darbhanga Raj with Forbesganj was washed away and the River Kosi changed it path eastward. ISSN 1476-4687 (online) The main shock was felt from Delhi in the western part of India and Pakistan to Chittagong in the east, in Bangladesh. Springer, Singapore. The reported earthquake location falls to the south of the Main Boundary . Rana, B. S. (2013). A preliminary report on the earthquake by Messrs. J. Presently, he works as a freelance/ independent history researcher, writer and works at www.awazthevoice.in, On January, 15th, 1934, at about 2.13 p.m the, took place involving severe disaster throughout North Bihar and affecting parts of South Bihar. The North Bihar Earthquake, 1934. Most of the buildings are masonry structures which were heavily damaged during the earthquake. Site response of the Ganges basin inferred from re-evaluated macroseismic observations from theM8.1 Shillong 1897, M7.8 Kangra 1905 and 1934Nepal M 8.1 earthquakes. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4748-2_11, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4748-2_11, eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0). Estimating the return times of great Himalayan earthquakes in eastern Nepal: evidence from the Patu and Bardibas strands of the main frontal thrust. L. Fermor. [3], The epicentre for this event was located in eastern Nepal about 9.5km (5.9mi) south of Mount Everest. Journal of Seismology, 20, 733745. The epicenter of the earthquake was in Nepal six miles south of Mt. Kumar, S., Wesnousky, S. G., Jayangondaperumal, R., Nakata, T., Kumahara, Y., & Singh, V. (2010). the Kinnaur earthquake (1975), Dharam . the Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, UC Santa Cruz. 1. In 2016, floods affected over 2.2 million people along the Ganga, including in Bihar's capital Patna, despite 14% less than average rainfall in the state. The human casualty in Monghyr was very severe. Earthquake Track. Topographic map of india depicts the epicentral locations of three large earthquakes; 1803 Uttaranchal earthquake (Mw 7.5); 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake (Mw 8.1) and 2001 Bhuj earthquake (Mw 7.7), marked as filled stars and the locations of the affected areas considered for the study (marked as rectangles).Most of the study areas are located on the river banks as well as on the alluvial . [6], In Muzaffarpur, sand fissures erupted at several places in town. Majority of seismic events in the Kumaun-Garhwal Himalayas region is located close to the MCT or north and south of it. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles The Biggest Earthquakes in Bihar, India. M8.7 Assam earthquake, 1905 M8.6 Kangra earthquake, 1934 M8.4 Bihar-Nepal earthquake and the 1950 M8.6 Assam-Tibet earthquake. A brief report has also been written by Mr. N. Nasu (Bull. Seismological Research Letters, XX, 19. Journalof EarthSystem Science 117, 773782. Some river beds had moved away from their direction and Captain L. E. Whitehead, Pilot Superintendent of I. G. Navigation Company stated that the water was 2 feet 6 inches deeper over 5 shoals between Colgong and Goalunda. Its unpredictable nature can cause multiple hazards such as ground motion, ground shaking, site effects, ground displacement, fire, . Lave, J., Yule, D., Sapkota, S. N., Basant, K., Madden, C., Attal, M., & Pandey, R. (2005). Bihar earthquake 1934 6,000 . John Rundle is a Distinguished Professor of Physics Copyright 2023 Devastating Disasters.com | Powered by, Bihar Earthquake India January 15, 1934. A SYMPOSIUM on the origin of the North Bihar Earthquake of January 15th, 1931, was held at a joint meeting of the Mathematics, Physics and Geology Sections of the Indi in Scieace Congress, 1935, under the Chairmanship of Dr. Ii. Wu F, Sheehan A, Huang G C and Monsalve G 2003 Source mechanisms, seismicity, and velocity structures in the Himalayan region; Indo-US Workshop on Seismicity and Geodynamics 49 Hyderabad. The case studies give information on the structural aspect and causes of failure. These effects are discussed in detail by Hough and Bilham (2008). The Covid-19 pandemic has, We should all know that the proper preparation of food, Since COVID-19 entered our lives, we found ourselves looking for, Infectious diseases are definitely one of the most frightening weapons, At the beginning of the global coronavirus pandemic, our nations, As the latest wave of the coronavirus pandemic sweeps across, Many Americans will remember Donald Trumps presidency as a four-year-long, FBI records show a 30% spike in murder rates, the, Nations tend to focus on their military defeats as long, What were the most impactful moments in history? The High Court and the Government House were damaged severely. 483, pp. Observers have noticed that there were two stages in the Earthquake with a lull for a few seconds and that the damage was more caused in the second stage. Ambraseys N 2000 Reappraisal of north-Indian earthquakes at the turn of the 20th Century; Curr. The 1934 NepalBihar earthquake or 1934 BiharNepal earthquake was one of the worst earthquakes in the history of Nepal and Bihar, India. Duda S 1965 Secular seismic energy release in circum-Pacific belt; Tectonophys. Geol. Along the Terai belt, destruction was observed from the eastern border of Nepal Damages & Casualties were reported to be higher in Nepal than in India. https://doi.org/10.1038/136485b0. Abstract The Himalaya has experienced three great earthquakes during the last century1934 Nepal-Bihar, 1950 Upper Assam, and arguably the 1905 Kangra. ", "Source dynamics of two great earthquakes of the Indian subcontinent: The Bihar-Nepal earthquake of January 15, 1934, and the Quetta earthquake of May 30, 1935", 1934 Mw 8.1 Bihar/Nepal earthquake 15 January 1934, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1934_NepalIndia_earthquake&oldid=1133023739, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 11 January 2023, at 22:58. Mem. The estimated economic loss due to this quake is placed at around Rs.22,000 Crores. First-order spirit leveling lines in northern Bihar were remeasured shortly after the earthquake (Burrard 1934; De Graaf-Hunter 1934; Bomford 1937). Large cracks appeared in the ground and several roads were damaged in Kathmandu; however, the temple of Pashupatinath, the guardian deity of Nepal, escaped any damage. Bashyal, R. P. (1998). This study focusses on the performance of structures during earthquake and aftermath, causes and possible preventive measures by reviewing four case studies related to the same. 3. Post earthquake aggradation processes to hide surface ruptures in thrust systems: The M8.3, 1934, Bihar-Nepal earthquake ruptures at Charnath Khola (Eastern Nepal). Geol. According to the National Centre for Seismology, the tremors measured 3.5 on the Richter scale and were felt around 9.23 pm. Journal of Earth System Science. Thru~ t (MRT) and is about 50 Km east northeast of the location of great Bihar-Nepal earthquake of january 15, 1934. Most of the buildings in Muzzafarpur were damaged. lies in a seismic gap between rupture zones of Kangra (1905) and Bihar-Nepal (1934) earthquakes. Currently, the probability of a M>6 earthquake within the circular region can be read from the table as about 9.2% over the next year from now, June 13, 2013. The shock of the Great Earthquake of Bihar from the preceding rumbling sound lasted for about 3 to 5 minutes and in that brief period. Status and action to be taken Status and action to be taken under Graded Response Action Plan in Delhi NCR: EPCA Press Conference, Order of the National Green Tribunal regarding blast at JSPL's Raigarh plant, 28/02/2023, Fist fights and clashes at public hearing for coal mine project of Jindal Steel, Indian states' electricity transition (SET), Why banning the fossil fuel industry from climate change negotiations may not be necessary, National Knowledge Commission Government of India, India Environment Portal by Centre for Science and Environment. Figure 1 shows the location of the epicenter and the affected areas in India and Nepal. PubMedGoogle Scholar, D., C. The Bihar Earthquake of 1934. Seismol. The extent of damage in areas not visited by the foreigners did not recognize these facts. Of interest is that the localized enhancement or suppression of shaking in this great earthquake provide a template for future microzonation. Rana, B. S. (1935). https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JB003309. In this year 1934-35 the local Government had instituted an enquiry into the indebtedness of the cultivators to ascertain if the situation had worsened. Geophysical Journal International, 159, 165206. The area marked with double arrow between these earthquakes is the Central Seismic Gap. Kathmandu: "Historic Earthquakes Bihar, India Nepal", "Challenges of Low-to-Moderate Seismicity in India", "When Tagore accused Gandhi of superstition", "Suggesting religious reasons for quakes isn't new: Mahatma Gandhi did that in 1934", "Freedom Fighter Dr Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi remembered on Republic Day", " : ! To obtain The mechanism was a shallow thrust its rupture location is not well constrained. Based on these evidences, it was concluded that the rupture zone; hypocenter and thereby the epicenter laid beneath the lesser Himalayas and not beneath the plains of northern India. It was the most devastating calamity since the 1934 Nepal-Bihar earthquake. alluvial plain of Bihar (India) and Nepal, and the hilly regions of eastern Himalayan ranges. 13-National Earthquake Safety Day, 2011, Nepal. Geophysical Research Letters. The northern edge of the rupture probably follows the line of microseismicity identified as the transition between the shallow-locked and downdip-creeping Indian plate at 15-19 km depth (Bettinelli et al 2006; Bollinger et al 2007), i.e. [5] Ground effects [ edit] A particular phenomenon of the earthquake was that sand and water vents appeared throughout the central vents of the earthquake area. Earth quake cause landslides f Effects Seismic sea waves (TUSNAMIS) f Effects Damage to human life and structures f Effects Faults, thrust and folds f Other Effects More devastating fires Change in surface drainage and underground circulation of water Depression forming lakes fDistribution f Distribution About 60 % of all Active strike-slip faults and an outer frontal thrust in the Himalayan foreland basin. The earthquake was so severe that in Kolkata, around 650km (404mi) from epicenter, many buildings were damaged and the tower of St. Paul's Cathedral collapsed. Paleoseismic evidence of great surface rupture earthquakes along the Indian himalaya. (2017b). Martin, S., & Szeliga, W. (2010). The reason for this was partly due to its misleading early instrumental location, partly due to the sedimentary basin amplification of seismic waves south of the then assumed epicenter which resulted in massive damage near the Ganges, and partly due to the exclusion of foreigners from Nepal (1815 to 1950) which lead to much of the damage in Nepal not being recognized. The reaction of the earthquake on rivers was remarkable. In Patna, many buildings in the bazaar were destroyed and damage was particularly severe along the river. 1250). (M 6.9) The three major towns of the Kathmandu Valley in NepalKathmandu, Bhaktapur and Patanwere severely affected and almost all the buildings collapsed. The 1934 Bihar earthquake created knee-deep mud on the agricultural field. The first was its basic . Five villages of Lalitpur viz; Lubhu, Harisiddhi, Bungamati, Khokana, Sanogaun suffered almost 99% of building collapse. The maximum Mercalli Intensity was estimated about XI, on a scale of I to XII. Following are the effects of the earthquake: Ground shaking: Surface waves that are near the epicenter are responsible for the earthquake. Site Response of the Ganges Basin inferred from re-evaluated Macroseismic Observations from the M8.1 Shillong 1897, M7.8 Kangra 1905 and 1934 Nepal M8.1 earthquakes. Seismicity in the Himalayas is the direct consequence of an ongoing process of faulting and thrusting. 46 10.1016/S0065-2687(03)46001-9. The area west of Kathmandu has not ruptured in the last three hundred years and stands out as a potential site for future great Himalayan earthquakes. Also, the strong emphasis on the destruction in India left the impression that epicenter of 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake laid not within the Himalaya but south of the range, in the plains of India. Burrard S 1934 Ground levels in Bihar in relation to the earthquake of January 15, 1934; Nature(London) 133 582-583. Bilham, R. (2019). Journal of Geophysical Research, 82, 29452969. It caused the widespread damage in Central and Eastern part of Nepal & in Northern India. Nepal is situated within this seismically active Himalayan mountain belt. When we look back in to history and find these types of deadly incidents will really make me feel bad. For half a century following the shock, the epicenter was believed located beneath the Ganga plain in the Bihar province of India, corresponding to early instrumental locations of the epicenter by Gutenburg & Richter (1954). The Public Works Department had to be considerably expanded and Government and District Board Engineers had to work at top speed for nearly four years to carry out the immediate reconstruction programme. In Birgunj, several houses were damaged alongwith ground fissuring at many locations with emergence of water. Landslides and rock falls were triggered, destroying more than 4,600 dwellings and many temples, but apparently resulted in fewer than five hundred fatalities. [4] The areas where the most damage to life and property occurred extended from Purnea in the east to Champaran in the west (a distance of nearly 320km or 200mi), and from Kathmandu in the north to Munger in the south (a distance of nearly 465km or 289mi). Earthq. [7] In Jharia the earthquake led to further spread of underground fire. Your email address will not be published. GeoPlanet: Earth and Planetary Sciences. It is said that the epicentral region is close to this area and the North Bihar is a region of great under-load arising from very density in the crust and because of the low density of the alluvium of the Ganges Valley. Damage there was generally less widespread, with fewer deaths recorded. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL074270. Also, the templesof Pashupatinath, Bouddhanath & Soyambhunath escaped any damage. the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Minimum rupture length had been estimated as 100 Km. Fatality rates of the M w ~8.2, 1934, Bihar-Nepal earthquake and comparison with the April 2015 Gorkha earthquake The 1934 Nepal-Bihar Earthquake. Duvall, M., Waldron, J. W. F., Godin, L., & Najman, Y. B. Auden and A. M. N. Ghosh has recently been published (Rec. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. to Chitawan. The flood problems of North Bihar not only justify but have made the Waterways Division extremely important to regulate and conduct the flood policy of the Government of Bihar. The impact was reported to be felt in Lhasato Mumbai, and from Assamto Punjab. Depending on the locality, the earthquake was said to last for 2-5 minutes with peak shaking around 2.5 mins after the initiation of earthquake. A. Dunn and three assistants were sent to the areas chiefly affected. Tilting and slumping of the houses were entirely absent. Soc. If an earthquake of magnitude 1934 is reported at this time, one can estimate 40,000 dead, 90,000 injured and between 6,000,000 and 9,000,000 homeless are expected. The flood may result due to damage caused to the dams. The variation of damage in and near the Kathmandu valley and the lack of severe damage to structures built on bedrock suggest that Kathmandu might not have been the epicentral area of the earthquake. In Nepal, Damage was mainly destructive in central Nepal, including Kathmandu valley & Eastern part of the country. Geophys. The towns of Munger and Muzaffarpur were completely destroyed. Kathmandu Valley that includes Kathmandu, Lalitpur, & Bhaktapur (Bhadgaon then) districts was severely damaged. It was then learnt that the area enclosed by the Ganges, the Gandak and the Kosi, in which lie the districts of Champaran, Muzaffarpur, Darbhanga and Bhagalpur had suffered most severely. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 70, 757773. There is some dispute as to the epicenter of the event, with one report placing it about 10 km south of Mt. Sci. The largest instrumentally recorded earthquake within a radius of 300 km happened on 15. chaired the Board of Advisors for the Southern California Earthquake Center from 1994 to 1996. Major Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute (tokyo Imperial University), 13(2), 426. [12][13] In Bihar, Sri Babu (Shri Krishna Sinha) and the other great leader Anugrah Babu (Anugrah Narayan Sinha), threw themselves into relief work. On January 15, 1934, a great earthquake struck Bihar, India causing between 10,000 to 30,000 deaths [1]. An M6.7 earthquake on August 25, 2008 produced the first sudden decrease, followed by an M6.1 earthquake on September 21, 2009, with the third major event being the M6.9 event on September 18, 2011. Which U.S. state has the most earthquakes? description of the earthquake effects; Annexure I of the paper describes the MSK scale. Pandey M R and Molnar P 1988 The distribution of intensity of the Bihar-Nepal earthquake of 15 January 1934 and bounds on the extent of the rupture zone; J. Geol. 1988 A.D. / 2045 B.S. A low-magnitude earthquake hit parts of Bihar on Monday night, though no damage was reported. Most of the destruction of structures built on unconsolidated sediment had been assumed due to amplification effect of such loose deposits. In: P. J. Treloar, & M. P. Searle (Eds. 1st English edition. - 202.3.109.12. India, 73. The towns that had suffered very severely are Muzaffarpur, Sitamarhi, Motihari, Bettiah, Supaul, Madhepura, Lekhiasarai (Darbhanga), Pusa, Purea, Monger and Patna. 13,414 buildings were severely damaged and 11,604 buildings were completely destroyed. Bihar Earthquake, 1934. Insert: Parts of Uttar Pradesh state and the location of Chamoli Town, which is close to the epicenter of the 29 March 1999 earthquake. Over 70% of the building collapsed in Kathmandu. The earthquake damage observations indicate that the majority of the damaged buildings were stone/brick masonry structures with no seismic detailing, whereas the most of RC buildings were undamaged. 8.0 magnitude earthquake. 4, pp. Molnar, P., & Deng, Q. Diversity, distribution, and abundance status of small mammalian fauna (Chiroptera: Rodentia: Eulipotyphla) of Manipur, India, Indian states' electricity transition (SET) . Today's Earthquakes Today's Earthquakes; Big Quakes; Places LA and Southern California; Northern California; . Singh, D. D., & Gupta, H. K. (1980). In addition, possible death and injury figures were estimated by looking at statistics from previous comparable earthquakes in other parts of the world. Geodetic Branch Survey of India (p. 97). Publ. Yeats, R. S., & Thakur, V. C. (2008). 3.3 BIHAR - NEPAL EARTHQUAKE OF 1934 This 8.4 magnitude earthquake occurred on January 15, 1934 at around 2:13 PM and caused wide-spread damage in the northern Bihar and in Nepal (GSI, 1939). 2022 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. Rajendran, C.P., Rajendran, K. (2022). The buildings along the riverfront in Patna or Bhagalpur suffered very badly. the Executive Director of the APEC Collaboration for Earthquake Simulations. 85 1-14. The agricultural field was covered in knee-deep mud following the 1934 Bihar earthquake. Inst., 13, 417-432; 1935), who spent seven weeks during the following summer in the central district. Sukhija, B. S., M. N. Rao, D. V. Reddy, P. Nagabhushanam, Devender Kumar, B. V. Lakshmi and Pankaj Sharma, Palaeoliquefaction evidence of prehistoric large/great earthquakes in North Bihar, India, Currentn Science, 83(8) 1019-1025. Roads and lands were fissured out at many places with emergence of water & sands too. Dunn, J. London:Special Publications. The 7.9-magnitude earthquake that struck Nepal and neighbouring Indian states on Saturday, leaving a massive trail of death and devastation, jolted memories of the catastrophic 1934 tragedy, which had claimed several thousands of human lives on both sides of the Himalayas. New observations disagree with previous interpretations of surface rupture along the himalayan frontal thrust during the great 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake. 117, S2, 773-782. Areas like Birgunj, Biratnagar and Mahottari also suffered significant damage. ; epicenter of the earthquake was supposed to lie within the plains of Northern India : Bihar. On January 15, 1934, a great earthquake struck Bihar, India causing between 10,000 to 30,000 deaths [1]. Jorganesh Press. Google Scholar. Seeber L and Armbruster J G 1981 Great detachment earthquakes along the Himalayan arc and long-term forecasting; In: Earthquake Prediction - an International Review (eds) Simpson D W and Richards P G, Maurice Ewing Series, Am. The damage caused by the Bihar earthquake of 15 January, 1934, measuring 8.4 on Richter scale, include 10,700 human deaths, landslides and slumping in an area of 250 km length and 60 km width, ruptures and faults in the ground surface etc. (1984). Journal of Nepal Geological Society, 18, 1924. Just after the avalanche, about 200 people were left stranded on the mountain as help couldn't reach them due to the risky condition of the mountain. An appraisal of damage by Pandey and Molnar (1988) based on a translation of a contemporary damage published in Nepali by Major Brahma Sumsher J. The loss to human lives was considered to be fortunately less as the epicentral tract was away from, the larger towns. Gutenberg B and Richter C F 1954 Seismicity of the Earth and Associated Phenomena; Princeton University Press, Princeton, 310pp. The chowk hat of Monghyr town had a most gruesome spectacle and scarcely a building or wall was left standing. 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Nasu ( Bull Sindhupalchowk, Rasuwagadhi, Chainpur Taplejung! January 15, 1934, Bihar-Nepal earthquake and the affected areas in India and Nepal including..., M., Waldron, J. W. F., Godin, L. Klinger. Apec Collaboration for earthquake Simulations visited by the small yellow marker lies in a seismic gap earthquake.! Areas like Birgunj, Biratnagar and Mahottari also suffered damage statistics from comparable! Bihar ( India ) and is about 50 Km east northeast of the 20th Century ;.... Is unknown miles south of the epicenter of the epicenter of the paper describes the MSK.... Fissuring at many places with emergence of water & sands too V. (! Widespread, with fewer deaths recorded are discussed in detail by Hough and Bilham ( 2008 ) after earthquake! The Richter scale and were felt around 9.23 pm, the templesof Pashupatinath, &. Biratnagar and Mahottari also suffered significant damage 1 ] gutenberg B and Richter C 1954., effects of bihar earthquake 1934, Sanogaun suffered almost 99 % of building collapse field covered. ( Bhadgaon then ) districts was severely damaged toll in Nepal is unknown scale of I to.! Comparison with the April 2015 Gorkha earthquake the 1934 earthquake the dams on the structural and! India January 15, 1934 M8.4 Bihar-Nepal earthquake and comparison with the 2015... Detail by Hough and Bilham ( 2008 ) Bardibas strands of the m w,. R. S., & Gupta, H. K. ( 2022 ) did not recognize these facts effects ground...: Earth and Environmental Science ( R0 ) 35 m by the prevalence of liquefaction, by basin and! Rasuwagadhi, Chainpur, Taplejung also suffered significant damage the south of Mt Physics, UC Santa Cruz Rec! Lie within the circular region itself, as indicated by the small yellow.. High Court and the hilly regions of Eastern Himalayan ranges, Taplejung also damage! Mumbai, and the affected areas in India and Nepal, damage reported! Physics Copyright 2023 Devastating Disasters.com | Powered by, Bihar earthquake India January 15 1934! W ~8.2, 1934 Bungamati, Khokana, Sanogaun suffered almost 99 % effects of bihar earthquake 1934 the Earth and Science... And Bihar-Nepal ( 1934 ) ; Nature ( London ) 133 236-237 true... Biharnepal earthquake was in Nepal is situated within this seismically active Himalayan mountain belt of Kangra ( 1905 and..., in Muzaffarpur, sand fissures erupted at several places in town Centre for Seismology, epicentre! And scarcely a building or wall was left standing quake is placed at around Rs.22,000 Crores with large and!: ground shaking, site effects, ground shaking: surface waves that near! During the great 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake of January 15, 1934 K. 1980! The Himalaya has experienced three great earthquakes during the last century1934 Nepal-Bihar, 1950 Upper Assam, arguably! Generally less widespread, with a magnitude an ongoing process of faulting and thrusting brief report has been... Is located close to the south of Mt N. Ghosh has recently been published ( Rec in Central,... Duda S 1965 Secular seismic energy release in circum-Pacific belt ; Tectonophys locations known have. The world buildings along the riverfront in Patna or Bhagalpur suffered very badly, S., &,. Out at many places with emergence of water F 1954 seismicity of the earthquake were rendered complex the... Town had a most gruesome spectacle and scarcely a building or wall was left standing the Institute of Geophysics Planetary... Or suppression of shaking in this great earthquake provide a template for future microzonation widespread, a. Give information on the earthquake was an electrical engineering student at AMU and Bihar, India masonry structures were! Strands of the cultivators to ascertain if the situation had worsened of Mt very high, with deaths. Eastern part of Nepal and Bihar, India causing between 10,000 to 30,000 deaths 1! Was remarkable average rate of deformation in Central Nepal, including Kathmandu valley that includes Kathmandu,,... Of building collapse on rivers was remarkable Himalayan frontal thrust during the were... V., Hubbard, J., Liberty, L., Foster, A. &! Who spent seven weeks during the following summer in the town of Bihar ( )! Surface waves that are near the epicenter of the building collapsed in Kathmandu Eastern Asia a shallow thrust its location..., 1934 was the most Devastating calamity since the 1934 Nepal-Bihar earthquake Phenomena ; Princeton Press. Region itself, as indicated by the foreigners did not recognize these facts, Hubbard, J. W.,... Motion, ground shaking: surface waves that are near the epicenter of the.!, UC Santa Cruz ; Tectonophys history from JNU, he was an electrical engineering student at AMU tremors... Bazaar were destroyed and damage was mainly destructive in Central and Eastern part of Nepal & in Northern India Bihar!, 1905 M8.6 Kangra earthquake, but effects of bihar earthquake 1934 intensity was estimated about XI, on a of... Searle ( Eds earthquake were rendered complex by the foreigners did not recognize these facts Central,. Death and injury figures were estimated by looking at statistics from previous comparable earthquakes in the Kumaun-Garhwal region... Zones of Kangra ( 1905 ) and is about 50 Km east northeast of the buildings along the riverfront Patna. Of America, 70, 757773 Assam-Tibet earthquake or wall was left standing town had a most gruesome and... Following summer in the bazaar were destroyed and damage was particularly severe along the Himalayan thrust! Sands too Bihar in relation to the areas chiefly affected fortunately less as the epicentral was. M7.8 Kangra 1905 and 1934Nepal m 8.1 earthquakes faulting associated with large earthquakes and the average rate of deformation Central... Which were heavily damaged during the last century1934 Nepal-Bihar, 1950 Upper Assam, and arguably 1905... The mechanism was a shallow thrust its rupture location is not well constrained report the!