Only a few of these Dickensian pro-child-labor bills got enacted, but some did. The End of Cheap Labor: Are Foreign In-vestors Leaving China? Until that happens, abuses will continue. If children are the only source of income to an entire family and death by starvation or worse activities such as prostitution await as an alternative, then aspects of utilitarianism my become arguable as well. The Business Case for Corporate Social Responsibility: A Review of Concepts, Research and Practice. Development and Change, 39(6), pp.10051018. Cross-Cultural Ethics and the Child Labor Problem. WebAccording to Utilitarianism, the right action or policy is the one that will produce the greatest net benefits or the lowest net costs. Consequentialism, as an ethical theory, is concerned only with the consequences of an action. Nobody knows exactly why the numbers started to climb in 2015, but probably it was because the labor market was getting tight. Available at: file:///D:/Downloads/170731-The-Myanmar-Dilemma-update-web-1.pdf [Accessed May 2, 2020]. Looman says most violations occur in places where it's appropriate for minors to work, meaning teenagers are working too many hours at a grocery store or operating a fryer and staying too late at a fast-food chain. [43] Pierik, R. (2007). [72] Yovel, Y. Toward a More Coherent Understanding of the OrganizationSociety Relationship: A Theoretical Consideration for Social and Environmental Accounting Research. Only a few of these Dickensian pro-child-labor bills got enacted, but some did. (1995). The corporation defended itself, arguing it took all the necessary actions to prevent child labor in its procurement. 4757. 1The first proponents of the utilitarian theory include Hume (17402000), Bentham (17891996) and Mill (18631998). She is based in Washington. Its no longer just a Third World practice, or a bad memory from, A recent driver of the surge is that desperately poor migrant children are pouring into the U.S. in record numbers. Until that happens, abuses will continue. Child labour coalition statement on new estimates of child labor stopchildlabor. The Journal of Values-Based Leadership, 8, p.Art. (2010). Un-ternehmensethik und globale Mrkte. In contrast, according to a utilitarian sentiment, child labour is ethically justifiable as long as the beneficiaries of the labour are greater in number than the children working or suffering. [34] Kreikebaum, H. (2006). (2015). Working campaign slogan: Bring BackWarrens Blacking Factory. What matters is that General Mills gets off the hook by reassuring the, that it recognizes the seriousness of this situation and will get to the bottom of it. More than 3,800 children were found to be working at U.S. companies last year in violation of federal law, the Labor Department said Monday in announcing a crackdown on child labor. This page was processed by aws-apollo-l2 in 0.062 seconds, Using these links will ensure access to this page indefinitely. Certainly HHS must be held accountable for this explosion in illegal child labor. The firm was sued in 2015 by consumers in California for ignoring human rights crimes performed by its cocoa suppliers. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 23(3), pp.185190. [5] Ballet, J., Bhukuth, A. and Carimentrand, A. UNICEF was the first international institution to grant children human rights independent of their parents through the UNCRC (1989) [19], marking a milestone in the fight for children (Radfar et al., 2018) [11]. More than 3,800 children were found to be working at U.S. companies last year in violation of federal law, the Labor Department said Monday in announcing a crackdown on child labor. Subcontractors win contracts with low bids and are left to figure out how to cover costs; the Fortune 500 company that hires them really doesnt want to hear about it. [online]. Secondly, all individuals affected should not be treated as mere means to another end, but rather as an end in itself, i.e. The World Bank Economic Review, 17(2), pp.147173. (1999). By linking utilitarianism with normative stakeholder theory, relevant stakeholder groups are being identified in order to examine their influence on and role in the occurrence of child labour allowing for a practical reference. This concept consists of three formulas, which are elaborated below. [58] Sprinkle, G. and Maines, L., (2010). Webultimate positive outcome that arises when a family that may not be able to naturally have a child but is able to hire a surrogate far outweighs the negatives that Anderson points out of forming a market of women. Why Did FTX Fail? Furthermore, shareholders are benefitting from CL in form of higher ROI since production is carried out at low wage costs, the expenditure is thus lower which in turn results in a higher yield (Manda et al., 2003 [45]; Sprinkle and Maines, 2010 [53] ). 8, No. The total number of violations is much lower than it was two decades ago, but experts are still troubled. [28] Hume, D. (2000). (Frito-Lay declined comment to the, that it had begun an investigation of Hearthside and that it will explore using the hot goods doctrine of interstate commerce to try to assign responsibility higher up the supply chain. Siegfried, Patrick, Child Labour Ethics through the Prism of Utilitarianism and Deontology (February 2, 2021). But immigrant children are vulnerable to other kinds of labor, too, from construction to meatpacking. Review of Philosophy and Psychology, 3(3), pp.405423. https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=107135, 14 Pages
Kant, being considered one of the fathers of universalism (Marques, 2015) [25], holds the categorical imperative as the fundamental principle and moral law of ethical behaviour (Hffe, 1977) [26]. Suggested Citation, Mrfelder Landstrae 55Frankfurt am Main, 60598Germany+4915779068623 (Phone), Economic Perspectives on Employment & Labor Law eJournal, Subscribe to this fee journal for more curated articles on this topic, Labor: Public Policy & Regulation eJournal, Subscribe to this free journal for more curated articles on this topic, We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content. (2016). The bad news is that they may have been made with child labor. [32] ILO (2017a). Kants Formula of Universal Law. Ethical Consumer. New York: Columbia Univ. At this point the question has to be raised from which age on children is able to assess their situation correctly and to distinguish right from wrong. It is also often considered as the employment of children who are below a specific legal age (Schrumpf 2004). [45] Potter, C. and Lupilya, A.C. (2016). [37] Manda, D.K., Kimalu, P.K., Nafula, N.N., Kimani, D.N., Nyaga, R.K., Mutua, J.M., Mwabu, G. and Kimenyi, M.S. One Wisconsin bill went so far as to, the phrase child labor from state employment statutes, requiring that the offending term be replaced by employment of minors. A. introduced in Iowa last month would allow 14-year-olds to work in meatpacking plants. Published in: Open Access Library Journal (OALJ) [69] Weiss, J. 1-3. (2008). [25] Hart, O. and Zingales, L. (2017). But it isnt clear the Labor Department will have the necessary tools. The ethical dimensions of global development. [48] Reath, A. One of the most common frameworks in ethical literature is utilitarianism. Over the past half-century, the economy has quietly reorganized itself to separate large, respectable corporations from low-wage worker bees. The two theories The problem has grown worse as increasing numbers of children fleeing violence and poverty in Latin America have arrived in the U.S. without parents, officials said. Or franchisees agree to terms so outrageously advantageous to the franchising name-brand company that they cant really expect to clear a profit without cutting some corners. The unemployment rate, which had been falling since 2010,droppedin 2015 to 5 percent, which was then considered full employment. Webstart-ups offshore their technical work to lower wage labor markets abroad before they invest in the company. In 2002, the ILO and IPEC decided to use the symbol of the red card to raise awareness in preventing, challenging and eliminating child labour. The latter part is important: utilitarians believe that everyones interests count. But he says that allowing children to work longer hours increases the risk they'll get into car accidents driving in the dark, exhausted and that the jobs these bills allow minors to take are dangerous. [63] UNCRC (1989). Homeland Security investigators are looking into whether the children, largely undocumented migrants,were part of a human trafficking scheme, DHS officials said. As CL being widely prohibited and morally condemned in Western economies (Pierik, 2007) [9], such violations are occurring almost invariably at the lower end of VCs in developing countries (ILO, 2017a) [10]. [online]. Deontology vs. utilitarianism, own table, based on Gray and Schein (2012) [21]; Gawronski and Beer (2016) [22]. The Review of Metaphysics, 52(2), pp.267294. Design/Methodology/Approach: The author uses a literature review in order to analyze the findings of existing literature on the topic of child labour in an ethics context, thereby drawing on literature, indexed in Web of Science and Google Scholar by employing forward and backward citation analysis. It is parent based," Looman says. Corporate social responsibility and access to finance. Laura Strickler is a senior investigative producer and reporter for NBC News. Business ethics: ethical decision making and cases. [68] Von Ebert, T. (1976). Crisp.) The case is made for poverty and the absence of social welfare systems. The dismal view of the future of the working class would eventually be replaced by utilitarianism and socialism. The Journal of Val-ue Inquiry, 33(2), pp.183199. (Just kidding.). With this political backdrop, its little wonder that an investigationpublished Saturdayby Hannah Dreier ofThe New York Timesrevealed a shadow work force of migrant children across industries in every state: 12-year-old roofers in Florida and Tennessee; 13-year-old girls washing hotel sheets in Virginia; a 13-year-old boy in Michigan making auto parts on an overnight shift that ends at 6:30 a.m.; a 12-year-old working for a Hyundai subsidiary in Alabama (this lastcourtesy of Reuters). Utilitarianism. Social Philosophy in Postcolonial Africa: Some Preliminaries Concerning Communalism and Communitarianism. Reprinted. Purpose: Grounded in the theoretical concepts of utilitarianism and deontology, this paper aims to evaluate the issue of child labour from an ethics perspective. Available at: https://www.theworldcounts.com/challenges [Accessed April 28, 2020]. [55] Siegfried, P. (2015b): Business Ethics, Sustainability and CSR, Volume 2, AVM Akademische Verlagsgemeinschaft,p. "I think they felt that if they could get kids, they would take them.". Table 1. Press. The Journal of Development Studies, 44(2), pp.233-257. In stepping up its efforts to target companies that use child labor, the Labor Department will use new strategies to launch investigations where child labor violations are most likely to occur. Migrant workers of unknown age at a produce farm near Fresno, California, in 2006, The Supreme Court Could Destroy the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, Teachers With Night Jobs at Amazon Are Not a Feel-Good Story, McKinsey Wants Poor People to Pay Those Damn Hospital Bills. and the reputational damage is minimal for a subcontractor or franchisee of whom nobodys ever heard. The Categorical Imperative and Kant's Conception of Practical Rationality. Yet, even today, many of the most reputable and successful companies are subject to allegations of human rights violations along their VC by employing children (CLW, 2016 [5]; SOMO et al., 2017 [6]; CorpAbuse, 2020 [7] ). In several sporting disciplines, but especially in football, the red card sanctions faults which are liable to exclusion from the field. Besides, children are abused as means of cheap labour for the ends of low-cost production, which is likewise contrary to Kants categorical imperative. Available at: http://www.chinalaborwatch.org/newscast/596 [Accessed April 28, 2020]. (2021): WebUtilitarianism only looks at the utility, not the distribution of it among the members of society. There's no excuse for "why these alarming violations are occurring, with kids being employed where they shouldn't even be in the first place," Looman says. Is minimal for a subcontractor or franchisee of whom nobodys ever heard, is concerned only with consequences... 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